Museums have a hard line to walk, exhibiting items for public education and enjoyment while protecting those same collections from damage. Today’s museum also carry the additional weight of safeguarding the future of the environment – as well as their financial future – against the dangers of unnecessary energy consumption. What advancements have been made in preservation lighting technology to help accomplish these goals?

Light, including all three types: ultraviolet (UV), infrared, and visible light, causes permanent and irreversible damage to museum pieces. Cumulative and dependent on the intensity and duration of exposure, light affects chemical composition, physical structure, and, the appearance of a collection. There is no conservation treatment that can repair it. Light damage is forever.

Only complete darkness ensures conservation, since exposure to light in any form naturally breaks down items. However, keeping pieces locked away in the dark defeats the mission of the museum – sharing those works with the public. It is thus a museum’s dilemma to find a suitable solution that balances the best of both worlds, in addition to considering energy costs and the environmental impact of its lighting selection.  

In your search for preservation lighting, you will find that a great deal of lighting solutions involve UV (ultraviolet light), the most energetic and destructive form of light. These include natural light, fluorescents, HID, and tungsten halogen lighting. Fortunately, the effects of UV can be controlled with simple filters, offering a greater variety of lighting options. UV filters are hard plastic tubes or soft sleeves wrapped around bulbs/light sources, which filter and block up to 98 percent of UV light, preventing its damaging effects. NOTE: UV filters lose efficiency over time and must be replaced every eight-10 years.

Specific, detailed recommendations for preservation lighting levels based on your collection type can be found from various sources, including the Library of Congress, National Park Service, UNESCO, and more.

Large factories, refineries, and oil facilities are all industries that require special considerations for their electrical wiring. Heavy-duty applications and hazardous environments must use products built to resist corrosion. Chemicals, rain, snow, wind and other threats damage industrial wiring. As a result, good maintenance and repairs are imperative.

With a properly installed tray system, the next step includes teck cable. This armored cable with an exterior jacket, comes in nearly any combination of conductor sizes, voltages, and cores. Fiber optic, CAT6, and shielded twisted pair cables are available. These are usually color-coded based on their type. Teck cables can be pulled through cable tray, conduits, or buried underground. For buried cable, ensure that it is placed at the appropriate depth, protected by layers of sand, spaced properly, and that buried cable warning tape is conspicuous.

Some clients request protection for buried cables; therefore bricks, concrete slabs, or planks of wood are utilized. Where cables emerge from the ground, they should be protected by a PVC conduit sleeve. Teck cables must be secured to the rungs of the tray using approved Ty-wraps or cable clamps. This not only keeps cables neatly arranged, but reduces the chances of damage.

Once a teck cable has been fed to its destination, it is connected by use of a teck connector. These connectors serve two purposes. The threaded end puts tension on the cable by means of a rubber gasket, which holds the cable securely in place. In addition, a small metal star-ring inside the connector makes contact with the metal armor of the cable, bonding it to the connector. This is why, when preparing a cable for the connector, that 3-4 rings of cable armor are left exposed.

In locations with potentially hazardous or explosive gasses, explosion proof connectors must be used. They have a small internal chamber meant to hold an epoxy sealing compound. This seal contains an explosion in the event of a failure. In addition, it prevents gasses from traveling through the small gaps between wires to potentially non-hazardous locations where arcs and sparks cause harm.

Good working knowledge of industrial wiring applications is essential to ensure safe and reliable installation. Finally, with the use of heavy-duty materials, a facility can expect many years of problem-free service.